Casa Arancina

German Shepherd — Frequently Asked Questions

Detailed answers covering the German Shepherd breed, FCI pedigree, health, training, stud service and how our program runs — drawn from what we've actually lived through at the kennel, not from books.

30 questions · 6 categories · Updated May 2026

BREED

About the German Shepherd Breed

A look at the breed's origin, character, size standards and defining traits, grounded in the official FCI Standard No. 166.

Where does the German Shepherd breed come from?
Captain Max von Stephanitz officially founded the breed in 1899, registering Horand von Grafrath as the first recognized specimen and establishing the Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde (SV). His goal was a top-tier working dog: intelligent, mentally stable and physically tough. The guiding principle he set down, "Utilitas ante omnia," still defines the breed today.
→ Complete history and origin
How much does an adult German Shepherd weigh?
FCI Standard No. 166 sets the range at 30–40 kg and 60–65 cm at the withers for males, and 22–32 kg and 55–60 cm for females. Falling well outside these figures counts against the dog under the standard.
How long does a German Shepherd live?
Typical lifespan runs 9 to 13 years, though genetics, diet and overall care all play a part. Dogs from lines bred with health as a priority — verified HD/ED results in particular — generally live longer.
Is the German Shepherd suitable for a family with children?
It can be, provided it comes from a line with a stable temperament and has gone through proper socialization. Protectiveness toward family is a hallmark of the breed. Look past looks alone and pick a line with proven emotional stability, and confirm the puppy has already been around children in its first weeks.
Can a German Shepherd live in an apartment?
It can, as long as it gets at least 1–2 hours of physical and mental exercise every day. This is a high-drive working breed, and a dog left under-stimulated will often turn destructive or anxious. How much activity the dog gets matters more than the square footage it lives in.
What does balanced temperament mean in a German Shepherd?
It means a dog whose reactions match the situation — not overly aggressive, not fearful, alert when it needs to be and settled the rest of the time. The SV standard treats this as a requirement, not a nice-to-have, and a dog lacking that stability has no business being bred.
→ FCI Standard No. 166 — Character section

HEALTH

Health and Responsible Selection

What HD/ED, DNA testing and inbreeding coefficients actually tell you — and how they separate a responsible breeder from a casual one.

Why should HD A/B ratings matter to a buyer?
Both HD (hip dysplasia) and ED (elbow dysplasia) get confirmed via X-ray, scored on a scale from A (no dysplasia) through B (minimal changes) to C (mild) and D/E (moderate to severe). Serious breeding stock needs an A or B rating — skip that screening on the parents and the odds of dysplasia showing up in the litter climb sharply.
What is the inbreeding coefficient?
The COI, or Coefficient of Inbreeding, estimates how likely a litter is to inherit the same gene from both parents — the higher the number, the greater the risk tied to recessive genes surfacing. Under 3% is considered ideal, under 6% still acceptable. Any responsible breeder runs this calculation before pairing two dogs.
How do I choose a serious German Shepherd breeder?
Look for a registered FCI affix, HD/ED certificates rated A or B, a DNA test on file, a genuine FCI pedigree, at least one competition title among the breeding dogs, and a socialization protocol that's consistently followed. Missing even one of these should give you pause.
→ How we select at Casa Arancina
Why does a puppy from a serious kennel cost more?
Running things properly isn't cheap: progesterone testing, travel to mate with males that have real international results, ultrasounds, premium feed, vaccinations, deworming, microchipping, FCI pedigree processing and HD/ED testing of the breeding dogs all add up. That price tag reflects genuine investment in the breed, not padding.
Where can I verify the authenticity of a pedigree?
For international SV pedigrees, check SV-DOxS (sv-doxs.net) or WinSiS-CAT. Within Italy, ENCI pedigrees can be verified straight through ENCI (enci.it) — that's exactly how Oxa von Hingabe's genuine ENCI Export Pedigree can be confirmed. Every authentic pedigree carries a unique, traceable registration number.
→ Resources and databases

STUD SERVICE

Stud Service and Breeding

How a responsible mating is handled — from progesterone testing to the WUSV rules that keep breeding on track.

What certificates should a stud dog have?
At a minimum: HD/ED certificates rated A or B, an officially registered DNA test, and a genuine FCI pedigree. Ideally, also at least one formal exam — Wesentest, BH or IGP — passed before an SV or FCI judge. Without that paperwork, there's no real assurance about what health or temperament traits get passed to the offspring.
→ Breeding selection at Casa Arancina
What is the progesterone test and why is it mandatory?
The test pinpoints exactly when a female is ovulating, narrowing down her fertile window. Skip it and you're mating based on guesswork that can easily miss the fertile period entirely. It's done at the vet, typically 1–3 days before mating.
How many litters can a German Shepherd female produce?
WUSV regulations cap it at 4–5 litters over a female's reproductive life, with at least 12 months between each one. Ignoring that limit takes a toll on the female's health and on the quality of what she produces.
What does it mean that a mating is documented?
It means recording the exact mating date, both dogs' identities and pedigree numbers, the progesterone test results, and ultrasound confirmation of pregnancy. Every mating at Casa Arancina gets logged and kept on file.
→ Documented matings at Casa Arancina

CONTACT

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